پژوهش های کارآفرینی و نوآوری

پژوهش های کارآفرینی و نوآوری

شناسایی محرک‌های هم‌رقابتی در صنعت ICT ایران با تأکید بر فناوری‌های نوظهور، رگولاتوری و منابع مشترک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
حسن جند 1
محمدرضا ثنائی 2
علیرضا تمجید یامچلو 3
1 گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، قزوین، ایران
3 گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد پرند، پرند، ایران
10.22034/eir.2025.538648.1208
چکیده
هدف: این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تبیین محرک‌ها و چالش‌های هم‌رقابتی در صنعت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات (ICT) ایران انجام شده است. تمرکز پژوهش بر نقش فناوری‌های نوظهور، چالش‌های رگولاتوری و اشتراک منابع استراتژیک است، با توجه به اینکه صنعت ICT در ایران، به‌عنوان یک کشور در حال توسعه، تحت تأثیر فشارهای محیطی، نهادی و فناورانه، الگوهای خاصی از هم‌رقابتی را تجربه می‌کند.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل رویداد بهره گرفته است. جامعه آماری شامل مدیران ارشد و کارشناسان راهبردی از شرکت‌های فعال در صنعت ICT ایران بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 12 نفر از آن‌ها انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته پیرامون 10 رویداد کلیدی هم‌رقابتی جمع‌آوری شد و با نرم‌افزار NVivo 12 در سه مرحله کدگذاری تحلیل گردید. برای اعتبارسنجی، از روش‌های توافق بین‌کدگذاران، بازبینی اعضا و مثلث‌سازی داده‌ای استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به استخراج 150 کد اولیه و در نهایت شناسایی 8 تم اصلی شد که نشان‌دهنده محرک‌های کلیدی شکل‌گیری هم‌رقابتی در صنعت ICT ایران هستند. این تم‌ها عبارت‌اند از: 1) اشتراک زیرساخت و افزایش بهره‌وری، 2) تسریع ورود به بازار، 3) چالش‌های رگولاتوری، 4) توسعه بازار، 5) ایجاد مزیت رقابتی، 6) جذب حمایت‌های دولتی، 7) کاهش ریسک و 8) دسترسی به فناوری‌های نوین. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که هم‌رقابتی در ایران بیشتر یک واکنش به محدودیت‌های محیطی و نهادی است تا یک استراتژی فعال و اغلب در بستر فشارهای بیرونی شکل می‌گیرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: پایداری هم‌رقابتی در صنعت ICT ایران مستلزم تدوین چارچوب‌های حقوقی و نهادی شفاف، تسهیل دسترسی به مشوق‌های دولتی و شکل‌گیری نهادهای میانجی بی‌طرف برای مدیریت تضاد منافع و افزایش اعتماد بین‌سازمانی است. بدون این زیرساخت‌ها، هم‌رقابتی در ایران در سطحی ناپایدار و کوتاه‌مدت باقی خواهد ماند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اشتراک زیرساخت
ایران
چالش‌های رگولاتوری
کشورهای در حال توسعه
صنعت ICT
فناوری‌های نوظهور
هم‌رقابتی.
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Identification of Coopetition Drivers in Iran's ICT Industry with Emphasis on Emerging Technologies, Regulatory Challenges, and Shared Resources

نویسندگان English

hassan jond 1
Mohammadreza Sanaei 2
Alireza Alireza Tamjid Yamcheloo 3
1 Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2 Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
3 Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Iran
چکیده English

This study aims to identify and explain the key drivers and challenges of coopetition in Iran’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry. The research focuses particularly on the role of emerging technologies, regulatory complexities, and strategic resource sharing. Positioned within the context of a developing country, the ICT sector in Iran faces persistent institutional, infrastructural, and technological constraints. Under such conditions, coopetition—defined as simultaneous cooperation and competition between firms—emerges not as a proactive strategic choice, but rather as a reactive mechanism to cope with environmental pressures.
Method: This applied research was conducted using a qualitative approach with thematic analysis. The study population consisted of executive managers, prominent experts, and academic scholars knowledgeable about the research topic. The sample size was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using open coding and the six-step process of Braun and Clarke. The validity, credibility, dependability, and confirmability of the data were examined using Lincoln and Guba’s four criteria. Reliability was assessed through the test–retest method.
Findings: Data analysis led to the extraction of 150 initial codes and the identification of eight core themes representing the main drivers of coopetition in Iran’s ICT industry: infrastructure sharing and efficiency enhancement, accelerated market entry, regulatory challenges, market development, competitive advantage creation, attraction of government support, risk reduction, and access to emerging technologies. The findings suggest that coopetition in Iran is largely shaped by environmental and institutional constraints rather than proactive strategic choice, serving as a mechanism for firms to reduce costs, manage uncertainty, and sustain competitiveness under external pressures.
Conclusion: This study underscores that coopetition in developing contexts like Iran is a survival-oriented response to regulatory volatility, financial constraints, and technological disruptions. While coopetition has enabled improved efficiency, innovation acceleration, and market resilience, its sustainability remains at risk. To institutionalize coopetition, transparent legal frameworks, equitable incentive structures, and neutral intermediary bodies are essential to manage conflicts of interest and strengthen interorganizational trust. Without such foundational support, coopetition in Iran’s ICT sector will likely remain short-term and unstable, limiting its transformative potential.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Coopetition
Developing Countries
Emerging Technologies
ICT Industry
Infrastructure Sharing
Iran
Regulatory Challenges
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