پژوهش های کارآفرینی و نوآوری

پژوهش های کارآفرینی و نوآوری

تفکر طراحی و عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری‌های پلتفرمی: نقش منطق‌های تصمیم‌گیری و قابلیت‌های دیجیتال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی پردیس کاسپین دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت گردشگری، دانشکدگان مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
10.22034/eir.2025.535651.1203
چکیده
هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر تفکر طراحی و منطق‌های تصمیم‌گیری شامل اثرسازی و علیت بر عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری مبتنی بر پلتفرم، با نقش میانجی قابلیت‌های دیجیتال انجام شده است. در دهه اخیر، گسترش پلتفرم‌های دیجیتال به‌عنوان بسترهای نوآورانه کسب‌وکار، نقش مهمی در تحول مدل‌های کارآفرینی و سرمایه‌گذاری ایفا کرده است. در چنین محیط‌های پیچیده و پویایی، تصمیم‌گیری کارآفرینان تحت تأثیر دو منطق اصلی اثرسازی و علیت قرار دارد. از سوی دیگر، تفکر طراحی به‌عنوان رویکردی انسان‌محور و مسئله‌محور، می‌تواند این منطق‌های تصمیم‌گیری را تقویت کرده و زمینه شکل‌گیری قابلیت‌های دیجیتال را فراهم سازد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر تلاش کرده است تا نقش هم‌زمان این متغیرها را در بهبود عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مبتنی بر پلتفرم تبیین نماید.
روش: این تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش اجرا، توصیفی–همبستگی است. جامعه آماری شامل بنیان‌گذاران و مدیران استارتاپ‌های دارای قابلیت‌های دیجیتال بوده است. نمونه آماری با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی و بر اساس 196 پرسشنامه معتبر انتخاب شد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه استاندارد گردآوری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SmartPLS 3 و روش مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری تحلیل شدند. برای ارزیابی برازش مدل، شاخص‌های GOF و SRMR مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مقدار GOF برابر با 0.621 و مقدار SRMR برابر با 0.061 به دست آمد که نشان‌دهنده برازش مطلوب مدل ساختاری و اندازه‌گیری است. این نتایج اعتبار مدل مفهومی پژوهش را تأیید می‌کنند.
یافته ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که تفکر طراحی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر هر دو منطق اثرسازی و علیت دارد. همچنین اثرسازی و علیت هر دو تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر قابلیت‌های دیجیتال و عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری دارند. در نهایت، قابلیت‌های دیجیتال نیز نقش میانجی مهمی در بهبود عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری ایفا کردند
نتیجه گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که تفکر طراحی به‌عنوان یک رویکرد نوآورانه، می‌تواند هر دو منطق اثرسازی و علیت را در فرآیند تصمیم‌گیری کارآفرینان تقویت کند. این امر نشان می‌دهد که برخلاف برخی دیدگاه‌های سنتی که این دو منطق را متضاد می‌دانند، در محیط‌های پلتفرمی امکان هم‌زیستی و تعامل این دو رویکرد وجود دارد. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان داد که قابلیت‌های دیجیتال نقش کلیدی در تبدیل منطق‌های تصمیم‌گیری به عملکرد واقعی سرمایه‌گذاری ایفا می‌کنند. این پژوهش همچنین نشان داد که شرکت‌های مبتنی بر پلتفرم در محیط‌های پیچیده و پرعدم‌قطعیت، نیازمند ترکیبی از آزمایش‌گری (اثرسازی) و برنامه‌ریزی (علیت) هستند تا بتوانند از فرصت‌های دیجیتال بهره‌برداری کنند. در نهایت، این مطالعه بر اهمیت توسعه قابلیت‌های دیجیتال به‌عنوان یک عامل میانجی حیاتی تأکید کرده و نشان می‌دهد که بدون این قابلیت‌ها، حتی تفکر طراحی و منطق‌های تصمیم‌گیری نیز تأثیر محدودی بر عملکرد خواهند داشت. به‌طور کلی، این پژوهش با ترکیب سه حوزه تفکر طراحی، منطق‌های تصمیم‌گیری و قابلیت‌های دیجیتال، چارچوبی یکپارچه برای تحلیل عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مبتنی بر پلتفرم ارائه می‌دهد و می‌تواند به توسعه ادبیات کارآفرینی دیجیتال و مدیریت نوآوری کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Design Thinking, and Platform-Based Investment Performance: The Role of Decision-Making Logic and, Digital Capabilities,

نویسندگان English

Sina Asgharieh Ahari 1
Taraneh Farokhmanesh 2
1 Caspian Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of design thinking and decision-making logics, namely effectuation and causation, on platform-based investment performance, with the mediating role of digital capabilities. Over the past decade, the rapid expansion of digital platforms as innovative business infrastructures has played a significant role in transforming entrepreneurial and investment models. In such complex and dynamic environments, entrepreneurs’ decision-making is influenced by two dominant logics: effectuation and causation. On the other hand, design thinking, as a human-centered and problem-oriented approach, can strengthen these decision-making logics and facilitate the development of digital capabilities. Accordingly, this study seeks to explain the simultaneous role of these variables in improving the performance of platform-based investments. Method: This study is applied a descriptive-correlational methodology. The statistical population consisted of founders and managers of startups with digital capabilities. The sample 196 valid questionnaires was selected through random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS 3 and the Structural Equation Modeling approach. To assess model fit, the GOF and SRMR indices were used. The GOF value was 0.621, and the SRMR value was 0.061, indicating a satisfactory fit of the structural and measurement models. These results confirm the validity of the proposed conceptual model
Findings: The findings indicated that design thinking has a positive and significant effect on both effectuation and causation logics. In addition, both effectuation and causation have a positive and significant impact on digital capabilities and investment performance. Finally, digital capabilities play a significant mediating role in improving investment performance. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that design thinking, as an innovative approach, can strengthen both effectuation and causation logics in entrepreneurial decision-making processes. This finding suggests that, contrary to traditional perspectives that consider these two logics as contradictory, they can coexist and interact within platform-based environments. Furthermore, the results highlight the critical role of digital capabilities in decision-making and performance. The study also reveals that platform-based firms operating in complex and uncertain environments require a combination of experimentation (effectuation) and planning (causation) to effectively exploit digital opportunities. Finally, this research emphasizes the importance of developing digital capabilities as a crucial mediating factor, showing that without such capabilities, even design thinking and decision-making logics have limited impact on performance. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing platform-based investment performance and contributes to the literature on digital capabilities

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Design Thinking
Effectuation
Causation
Digital Capabilities
Platform-Based Investment Performance
فرخ منش، ترانه؛ حسینی نیا، غلام حسین؛ داوری، علی و جهانبخت، محمد (1401) تبیین منطق تصمیمگیری کارآفرینان در اکوسیستم کارآفرینی. توسعه کارآفرینی، 15(3)-541-558
فرخ منش، ترانه؛ خدایی، فرناز و داوری، علی (1404). تأثیر تفکر طراحی بر عملکرد شرکتها بـا میـانجیگری نـوآوری مـدل کسبوکار. مدیریت بازرگانی، 17(4)، -1274 .1297
علی مردی، مسعود. زارع، رقیه. (1400) آموزش معادلات ساختاری مخصوص پایان نامه، انتشارات دیباگران تهران
 
Ahmadi, M. N., Farsi, J. Y., Farokhmanesh, T., & Davari, A. (2026). Navigating Innovation: Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Decision‐Making Logics in Platform‐Based Firms. Gender, Work & Organization. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.7012
Alsos, G. A., Clausen, T. H., Mauer, R., Read, S., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2020). Effectual exchange: From entrepreneurship to the disciplines and beyond. Small Business Economics, 54(3), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00246-8
Alzamora-Ruiz, J., del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes, M., & Martinez-Fiestas, M. (2021). Together or separately? Direct and synergistic effects of effectuation and causation on innovation in technology-based SMEs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(4), 1917–1943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00729-2
Austin, R. D., Devin, L., & Sullivan, E. E. (2012). Accidental innovation: Supporting valuable unpredictability in the creative process. Organization Science, 23(5), 1505–1522. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0681
Baber, W. W., Ojala, A., & Martinez, R. (2019). Effectuation logic in digital business model transformation: Insights from Japanese high-tech innovators. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(6/7), 811–830. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0133
Badri, A., Boudreau-Trudel, B., & Souissi, A. S. (2018). Occupational health and safety in the Industry 4.0 era: A cause for major concern? Safety Science, 109, 403–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.06.012
Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 329–366. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2005.50.3.329
Barney, J. B. (2001). Resource-based theories of competitive advantage: A ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27(6), 643–650. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700602
Baron, R. A. (2006). Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs “connect the dots” to identify new business opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2006.19873412
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Berends, H., Jelinek, M., Reymen, I., & Stultiëns, R. (2014). Product innovation processes in small firms: Combining entrepreneurial effectuation and managerial causation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(3), 616–635. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12117
Beverland, M. B., Micheli, P., & Farrelly, F. J. (2016). Resourceful sense-making: Overcoming barriers between marketing and design in NPD. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 33(5), 628–648. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12313
Brown, T., & Martin, R. (2015). Design for action. Harvard Business Review, 93(9), 57–64.
Cao, L., West, B., Ramesh, B., Mohan, K., & Sarkar, S. (2023). A platform-based approach to ambidexterity for innovation: An empirical investigation in the public sector. International Journal of Information Management, 68, 102509.
Carnes, C. M., & Ireland, R. D. (2013). Familiness and innovation: Resource bundling as the missing link. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1399–1419. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12063
Chandler, G. N., DeTienne, D. R., McKelvie, A., & Mumford, T. V. (2011). Effectuation and causation processes: A validation study. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.10.006
Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98–101.
Dalenogare, L. S., Benitez, G. B., Ayala, N. F., & Frank, A. G. (2018). The expected contribution of Industry 4.0 technologies for industrial performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 204, 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.08.019
Dattée, B., Alexy, O., & Autio, E. (2018). Maneuvering in poor visibility: How firms play the ecosystem game when uncertainty is high. Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 466–498. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0869
Deligianni, I., Voudouris, I., Lioukas, S., & Nassos, G. (2017). Do effectuation processes shape the relationship between product diversification and performance in new ventures? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(3), 349–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12210
Dew, N., Read, S., Sarasvathy, S. D., & Wiltbank, R. (2009). Effectual versus predictive logics in entrepreneurial decision-making: Differences between experts and novices. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(4), 287–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.02.002
Dushnitsky, G., & Yu, L. (2022). Why do incumbents fund start-ups? A study of the antecedents of corporate venture capital in China. Research Policy, 51(7), 104552.
Elsbach, K. D., & Stigliani, I. (2018). Design thinking and organizational culture: A review and framework for future research. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2274–2306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317744252
Farokhmanesh, T., Davari, A., Baghersad, V., & Sajadi, S. M. (2024). Exploring the dynamics of firm growth: the interplay of decision-making logic. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 39(12), 2716-2744. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-12-2022-0558
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413–438. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
Frese, T., Geiger, I., & Dost, F. (2020). An empirical investigation of determinants of effectual and causal decision logics in online and high-tech start-up firms. Small Business Economics, 54(3), 641–664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00180-9
Ghobakhloo, M. (2018). The future of manufacturing industry: A strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 29(6), 910–936. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-02-2018-0057
Gruber, M., De Leon, N., George, G., & Thompson, P. (2015). Managing by design. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 1–7.
Guo, R. (2019). Effectuation, opportunity shaping, and innovation strategy in high-tech new ventures. Management Decision, 57(1), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2017-1036
Ghorbel, F., Hachicha, W., Boujelbene, Y., & Aljuaid, A. M. (2021). Linking entrepreneurial innovation to effectual logic. Sustainability, 13(5), 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052626
Haarhaus, T., & Liening, A. (2020). Building dynamic capabilities to cope with environmental uncertainty: The role of strategic foresight. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 155, 119977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119977
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage.
Hawlitschek, F., Teubner, T., & Gimpel, H. (2016). Understanding the sharing economy: Drivers and impediments for participation in peer-to-peer rental. In Proceedings of the 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 4782–4791). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.593
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hsu, D. H. (2007). Experienced entrepreneurial founders, organizational capital, and venture capital funding. Research Policy, 36(5), 722–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.022
Jaworski, B. J., & Kohli, A. K. (1993). Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57(3), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700304
Kamble, S., Rana, N. P., Gupta, S., Belhadi, A., Sharma, R., & Kulkarni, P. (2023). An effectuation and causation perspective on the role of design thinking practices and digital capabilities in platform-based ventures. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 193, 122646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122646
Kamble, S. S., & Gunasekaran, A. (2020). Big data-driven supply chain performance measurement system: A review and framework for implementation. International Journal of Production Research, 58(1), 65–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1630770
Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., & Gawankar, S. A. (2020). Achieving sustainable performance in a data-driven agriculture supply chain: A review for research and applications. International Journal of Production Economics, 219, 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.05.022
Kamble, S. S., Gunasekaran, A., & Gawankar, S. A. (2018). Sustainable Industry 4.0 framework: A systematic literature review identifying the current trends and future perspectives. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117, 408–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.05.009
Kapoor, K., Bigdeli, A. Z., Dwivedi, Y. K., Schroeder, A., Beltagui, A., & Baines, T. (2021). A socio-technical view of platform ecosystems: Systematic review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 128, 94–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.060
Khurana, I., Dutta, D. K., & Schenkel, M. T. (2022). Crisis and arbitrage opportunities: The role of causation, effectuation and entrepreneurial learning. International Small Business Journal, 40(3), 236–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426211069734
Klenner, N. F., Gemser, G., & Karpen, I. O. (2022). Entrepreneurial ways of designing and designerly ways of entrepreneuring: Exploring the relationship between design thinking and effectuation theory. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 39(1), 66–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12590
Knight, E., Daymond, J., & Paroutis, S. (2020). Design-led strategy: How to bring design thinking into the art of strategic management. California Management Review, 62(2), 30–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619897594
Kolko, J. (2015). Design thinking comes of age. Harvard Business Review, 93(9), 66–71.
Kor, Y. Y., & Mahoney, J. T. (2005). How dynamics, management, and governance of resource deployments influence firm-level performance. Strategic Management Journal, 26(5), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.459
Laskovaia, A., Marino, L., Shirokova, G., & Wales, W. (2019). Expect the unexpected: Examining the shaping role of entrepreneurial orientation on causal and effectual decision-making logic during economic crisis. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(5–6), 456–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2018.1541593
Lee, J., Bagheri, B., & Kao, H. A. (2015). A cyber-physical systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manufacturing Letters, 3, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.001
Lee, S., & Benza, R. (2015). Teaching innovation skills: Application of design thinking in a graduate marketing course. Business Education Innovation Journal, 7(1), 43–50.
Li, Y., Hou, M., Liu, H., & Liu, Y. (2012). Towards a theoretical framework of strategic decision, supporting capability and information sharing under the context of Internet of Things. Information Technology and Management, 13(4), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-012-0125-0
Liedtka, J. (2015). Perspective: Linking design thinking with innovation outcomes through cognitive bias reduction. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(6), 925–938. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12163
Liedtka, J. (2018). Why design thinking works. Harvard Business Review, 96(5), 72–79.
Long, D., & Tang, R. X. (2015). Causation and effectuation: Comparison between two decision-making methods. Enterprise Management, 4, 15–16.
Long, F., Jerath, K., & Sarvary, M. (2022). Designing an online retail marketplace: Leveraging information from sponsored advertising. Marketing Science, 41(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2021.1324
Lutz, C., Hofmann, C. P., Bucher, E., & Fieseler, C. (2018). The role of privacy concerns in the sharing economy. Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), 1472–1492. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1339726
Maalouf, J. T., Abi Aad, A., & El Masri, K. (2021). Competitiveness of sharing economy companies in emerging markets. Competitiveness Review, 31(2), 297–309. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-05-2020-0063
Maier, C., Thatcher, J. B., Grover, V., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Cross-sectional research: A critical perspective, use cases, and recommendations for IS research. International Journal of Information Management, 71, 102625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102625
Manavalan, E., & Jayakrishna, K. (2019). A review of Internet of Things (IoT) embedded sustainable supply chain for Industry 4.0 requirements. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 127, 925–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2018.11.030
Mansoori, Y., & Lackéus, M. (2020). Comparing effectuation to discovery-driven planning, prescriptive entrepreneurship, business planning, lean start-up, and design thinking. Small Business Economics, 54(3), 791–818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00153-y
Moorman, C., & Miner, A. S. (1997). The impact of organizational memory on new product performance and creativity. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(1), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400108
Morgan, T., Obal, M., & Anokhin, S. (2018). Customer participation and new product performance: Towards the understanding of the mechanisms and key contingencies. Research Policy, 47(2), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.005
Mthanti, T. S., & Urban, B. (2014). Effectuation and entrepreneurial orientation in high-technology firms. Technological Analysis & Strategic Management, 26, 121–133.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2013.840586
Nambisan, S. (2017). Digital entrepreneurship: Toward a digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41, 1029–1055.
https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12254
Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2021). On the costs of digital entrepreneurship: Role conflict, stress, and venture performance in digital platform-based ecosystems. Journal of Business Research, 125, 520–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.037
Neter, J., Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., & Wasserman, W. (1996). Applied linear statistical models. McGraw-Hill.
Nohria, N., & Gulati, R. (1996). Is slack good or bad for innovation? Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1245–1264. https://doi.org/10.5465/256994
Nylén, D., & Holmström, J. (2019). Digital innovation in context: Exploring serendipitous and unbounded digital innovation at the Church of Sweden. Information Technology & People, 32, 696–714.
https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2017-0212
Ojala, A. (2016). Business models and opportunity creation: How IT entrepreneurs create and develop business models under uncertainty. Information Systems Journal, 26, 451–476.
https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12073
Ojala, A., & Lyytinen, K. (2018). Competition logics during digital platform evolution. In Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS).

Park, H. D., & Tzabbar, D. (2016). Venture capital, CEOs’ sources of power, and innovation novelty at different life stages of a new venture. Organization Science, 27, 336–353.
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.1038
Patrício, R., Moreira, A. C., & Zurlo, F. (2020). Enhancing design thinking approaches to innovation through gamification. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24, 1569–1594.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2019-0148
Penrose, E. T. (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm. John Wiley & Sons.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3111440
Pereira, T., Barreto, L., & Amaral, A. (2017). Network and information security challenges within Industry 4.0 paradigm. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, 1253–1260.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.048
Phillips, N., & Tracey, P. (2007). Opportunity recognition, entrepreneurial capabilities and bricolage. Strategic Organization, 5, 313–320.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127007079956
Phua, V. C. (2019). Perceiving Airbnb as sharing economy: The issue of trust in using Airbnb. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1638890
Ruiz-Jiménez, J. M., Ruiz-Arroyo, M., & Fuentes-Fuentes, M. M. del M. (2021). The impact of effectuation, causation, and resources on new venture performance: Novice versus expert entrepreneurs. Small Business Economics, 57, 1761–1781.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00379-8
Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2016). Using clickers in a large business class. Journal of Marketing Education, 38, 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0273475315589812
Ratten, V. (2022). Digital platforms and transformational entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102534
Read, S., Dew, N., Sarasvathy, S. D., Song, M., & Wiltbank, R. (2009). Marketing under uncertainty: The logic of an effectual approach. Journal of Marketing, 73, 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.1
Read, S., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2005). Knowing what to do and doing what you know: Effectuation as a form of entrepreneurial expertise. Journal of Private Equity, 9, 45–62.
Read, S., Song, M., & Smit, W. (2009). A meta-analytic review of effectuation and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(6), 573–587.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.03.001
Roach, D. C., Ryman, J. A., & Makani, J. (2016). Effectuation, innovation and performance in SMEs. European Journal of Innovation Management, 19, 214–238.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2015-0045
Rosca, E., Agarwal, N., & Brem, A. (2020). Women entrepreneurs as agents of change. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 157.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120085
Sapienza, H. J., & Grimm, C. M. (1997). Founder characteristics and railroad performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22, 5–24.
https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879702200301
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift. Academy of Management Review, 26, 243–263. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378020
Sarooghi, H., Sunny, S., Hornsby, J., & Fernhaber, S. (2019). Design thinking and entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business Management, 57, 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12501
Scherer, F. M. (2001). Innovation and technological change. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02308-1
Sengupta, A., & Sena, V. (2020). Open innovation and dynamic systems. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120209
Sethi, R., & Iqbal, Z. (2008). Stage-gate controls and learning failure. Journal of Marketing, 72, 118–134.
https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.3.118
Shamsie, J., & Mannor, M. J. (2013). Tacit knowledge as organizational resource. Organization Science, 24, 513–529. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0755
Sharma, R., Kamble, S., Mani, V., & Belhadi, A. (2022). Industry 4.0 capabilities and supply chain integration. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2022.3141234
Spilker-Attig, A., & Brettel, M. (2010). Online advertising channels effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Management, 26, 343–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/02672570903456834
Stam, W., & Elfring, T. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and venture performance. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 97–111. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2008.30744022
Sutherland, W., & Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Sharing economy and digital platforms. International Journal of Information Management, 43, 328–341.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.07.004
Smolka, K. M., Verheul, I., Burmeister-Lamp, K., & Heugens, P. P. M. A. R. (2018). Synergistic effects of causal and effectual decision-making. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(4), 571–604.
(sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 1319–1350.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640
Tjahjono, B., Esplugues, C., Ares, E., & Pelaez, G. (2017). What does Industry 4.0 mean to supply chain? Procedia Manufacturing, 13, 1175–1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.043  
Upadhyay, P., Kumar, A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Adlakha, A. (2022). Continual usage intention of platform-based governance services: A study from an emerging economy. Government Information Quarterly, 39.    
Urban, B., & Heydenrych, J. (2015). Technology orientation and effectuation-links to firm performance in the renewable energy sector of South Africa. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 26, 125–136. 
Vinik, D. (2014, December 15). Uber’s prices surged in Sydney during the hostage crisis, and everyone is furious. The New Republic.
Vith, S., Oberg, A., Höllerer, M. A., & Meyer, R. E. (2019). Envisioning the ‘sharing city’: Governance strategies for the sharing economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 159, 1023–1046.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3752-5
(not fully verified)
Voeth, M., Pölzl, J., & Kienzler, O. (2015). Sharing economy—Chancen, Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren. In Interaktive Wertschöpfung durch Dienstleistungen. Springer.
No DOI (book chapter)
Ward, A., Runcie, E., & Morris, L. (2009). Embedding innovation: Design thinking for small enterprises. Journal of Business Strategy, 30, 78–84.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02756660910940453
Webb, J. W., Bruton, G. D., Tihanyi, L., & Ireland, R. D. (2013). Research on entrepreneurship in the informal economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28, 598–614.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.09.003
Welter, C., & Kim, S. (2018). Effectuation under risk and uncertainty: A simulation model. Journal of Business Venturing, 33, 100–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.12.003   
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2009). The effectiveness of alliances and acquisitions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33, 193–212.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00300.x
Wiltbank, R., Dew, N., Read, S., & Sarasvathy, S. D. (2006). What to do next? The case for non-predictive strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 27, 981–998. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.543
Wolfert, S., Ge, L., Verdouw, C., & Bogaardt, M. J. (2017). Big data in smart farming–A review. Agricultural Systems, 153, 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.023
Wrigley, C., Nusem, E., & Straker, K. (2020). Implementing design thinking: Understanding organizational conditions. California Management Review, 62, 125–143.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125619890244
 
Yang, T., Hughes, K. D., & Zhao, W. (2021). Resource combination activities and new venture growth. Journal of Small Business Management, 59, S73–S101.
Yao, Q. M., Baker, L. T., & Lohrke, F. T. (2022). Building and sustaining trust in remote work.
Journal of Business Research, 149, 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.012
Yoo, Y., Boland, R. J., Lyytinen, K., & Majchrzak, A. (2012). Organizing for innovation in the digitized world. Organization Science, 23, 1398–1408. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1120.0793
Yu, X., Tao, Y., Tao, X., Xia, F., & Li, Y. (2017). Managing uncertainty in emerging economies. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 135, 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.05.022  
Zahra, S. A. (2012). Organizational learning and entrepreneurship in family firms. Small Business Economics, 38, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9252-6
Zahra, S. A., Neubaum, D. O., & El-Hagrassey, G. M. (2002). Competitive analysis and new venture performance. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27, 1–28.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00002
Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities. Journal of Management Studies, 43, 917–955. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00625.x
Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Sha, Y., & Yang, K. (2022). The impact of decision-making styles. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.
Zhuang, M., Fang, E., Lee, J., & Li, X. (2021). The effects of price rank on clicks and conversions. Information Systems Research, 32, 1099–1499.